Legame tra dannunzio e mussolini biography
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Internal exile in Fascist Italy
Confino (i.e., internal exile) was a malleable form of imprisonment during the Fascist ventennio. Confinement allowed Mussolini to bypass the judiciary thereby placing prisoners outside magistrates’ jurisdiction. The Regime applied it to political dissidents, ethnic and religious minorities, gender nonconforming people, and mafiosi, among others. Recent political discourse in and beyond Italy has drawn on similar rationales to address perceived threats against the State. This study examines confino from a historical, political, social, and cultural perspective. It provides a broad overview of the practice and it also examines particular cases and situations. In addition to this historical assessment, it is the first to analyse confinement as a cultural practice through representations in literature (e.g., letters, memoirs, historical fiction) and film. English-language publications often overlook confino and its representations. Italian critical literature, instead, often speaks in purely historical terms or is rooted in partisan perspectives. This book demonstrates that internal exile is not purely political: it possesses a cultural history that speaks to the present. The scope of this study, therefore, is to pr
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The Power of Images in the Age of Mussolini
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Joshua Arthurs
Journal of Modern European History, 2015
In his diary entry for 19 July 1943, Piero Calamandrei recorded his impressions of an unprecedented event -the Allied bombing of Rome. More than outrage or empathy, the Florentine anti-Fascist felt a «sense of satisfaction, almost of relief»:«Rome is the centre of Fascist politics, of corporative bureaucracy, of party bosses, of profiteers, of [propaganda] films. This Rome of plaster and cardboard has been inflicted on us for twenty years in speeches, in terminology (the littorio, oh the littorio! And the Urbs, and the legionaries, and the centurions, and the Duce, and so on), in architecture, in the ‹Roman step›. The legions, the solid legions...auff !» 1 Calamandrei's antipathy toward Rome was typical of many critics of Mussolini's regime. In their eyes, Italian Fascism's invocation of the eternal spirit of Romeromanità -epitomised its absurdity and artifice. 2 Benedetto Croce dismissed romanità as «a word whose virtue lay in their very vacuity»; 3 to Paolo Nalli, it was «an incurable syphilis», a «relentless illness». 4 The ghosts of Roman triumph
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